REFLECTIONS ON THE GOOD LIFE - Part 2

For The Bohol Tribune

In This Our Journey

NESTOR MANIEBO PESTELOS

During the past few days, the mass media have been full of what have been called thought pieces about the 30^th anniversary of the EDSA Revolution. As almost everyone knows, this massive demonstration of protest again Marcos rule resulted in our enjoying freedom or what has been described by the phrase “democratic space in our society.”

The historic EDSA revolution ended decades of muzzled press and restrictions on our freedom. Those four days of bloodless or peaceful revolution were hailed as our gift to the world.

As I continue to distil insights from the book “The Good Life” by noted Australian psychologist, Hugh Mackay, I have at the back of my mind the sacrifices of hundreds of young people who gave their lives in those three decades of struggle leading to the historic EDSA days. All through the past thirty years, I have carried the burden of knowing that thirty-three (33) of my friends, doubtless among the best and brightest of our generation, were among those who perished in this struggle for freedom.

Each time I think about those EDSA days, I cannot help but be reminded about these outstanding Filipinos who sacrificed their lives so that most of us could be assured of freedom and our democratic rights, extinguished by the brutal Marcos regime. I salute them. My thirteen (13) years in the underground, some of them in detention in a military camp and restricted movement in an office, were nothing compared to their sacrifices.

Now back to the book, The Good Life-

I find Chapter 2 quite interesting. It deals with “How the pursuit of happiness can make you miserable.”

First, the author asserts: “The popular idea of happiness is focused on a pleasant sense of uplift, maximizing the possibility of positive emotional experiences, such as pleasure, gratification or fulfillment; nurturing a generally positive attitude. It goes without saying that we enjoy that uplift and sometimes seek out experiences that will create it. But if we confuse … such happiness with the good life, we create some emotional and cultural hazards for ourselves –even some moral hazards.”

Then he makes this distinction: “The most obvious one is that all the talk about happiness puts the emphasis on Me and how I’m feeling, whereas the goodness of life … is about moral sensitivity and integrity rather than emotional well-being.”

He says if this is accepted then “… it follows that the measure of a good life could hardly be based on some assessment of how happy we are; it will depend primarily upon how well we treat others, regardless of how that makes us feel.”

Mackay points out that “… an obsession with happiness can make us scared of sadness and rather unhealthy in our pursuit of the positive.”   He says without sadness we would never know how it is to be happy. Sadness is “too often and too quickly put under the microscope in case it turns out to be an early sign of the disease …” called clinical depression.

He observes: “Clinical depression, unlike sadness, is never going to visit most of us, and for that we can be grateful … Most won’t be crushed by the sense of futility, relentless anxiety or terminal bleakness that depression can visit on those who suffer from it, and who clearly need professional support and careful treatment.”

The obsession with happiness may be a result of “heightened awareness of … depression.” He says: “We want to avoid becoming depressed, just as we want to avoid heart disease, cancer or diabetes, and perhaps we think being happy is a preventive strategy, a bit like keeping fit, or watching your diet. Yet the truth is that to be fully human – to be normal, to be healthy – is to be occasionally engulfed by waves of grief or sadness, stymied by feelings of despair, paralyzed by doubt or crushed by disappointment.”

He says we must “be wary of pursuing happiness as the main goal of our life, not only because happiness is one of the most elusive and unpredictable of emotions, but also because  … most valuable experiences of emotional growth and personal development have come from pain, not pleasure.”

Sadness, he asserts, is not only “an authentic an emotion as happiness. It’s also far more instructive.”

He adds: “The fleeting moments of bliss and joy, and even the deeper sense of contentment that occasionally envelops us, make sense only because they represent such a contrast with the experience of pain, trauma, disappointment or sadness, or even with those times when we feel ourselves trapped in the drudgery of tedious, dreary routine.”

He clarifies this does not mean wishing sadness for ourselves and our children: “ It would be strange to welcome disappointment or trauma into our lives, but we might do well to accept that a noble, courageous, well-lived life is one in which we are equipped to experience and negotiate the full range of emotions: neither seduced by the lure of happiness nor obsessed by the grim and gritty aspects of life, but open to whatever comes and ready to learn from it all.

“Bereavement happens. Relationships break down. Illness takes its toll. Children (and parents) disappoint us. Friends let us down. We fail. What should we do? Pretend we’re not upset? Take a happy pill? Deny ourselves the chance to experiencing the full richness of human experience?”

The author notes : “Most of us have no trouble handling happiness, satisfaction, pleasure, euphoria, contentment or triumph. Even a little bliss is quite nice occasionally. But the fact that such emotions are so easy to manage is precisely the reason they don’t have much to teach us. In fact, too much euphoria can blind us to the truth of our situation.”

He cites this example: “Take falling in love. Most people experience that heady state as sublime form of it happiness, and yet from the outside it looks more like a mild neurosis. When we’re Hhead-over-heels in love, we’re typically quite dysfunctional, distracted, disorganized and inclined to make absurdly unrealistic judgements about all the wonderful qualities miraculously combined in the person who has become the object of our affection.”

Then he hit us with this insight: “… we do the same when we ‘fall in love’ with political leaders, investing unrealistic measures of hope and optimism in them and their ability to change society for the better.” Well, so there, just to nail the idea hard!

The author admits that that there’s an almost universal tendency to relieve ourselves “from relentlessness of our emotions so we can feel relaxed, elevated, excited or calm on demand.” 

He further observes: “It’s no accident that the happiness movement has coincided with an explosive increase in the use of recreational drugs in the general population and mood-altering drugs in psychiatry.” There is a frantic rush to control emotions to be able to produce happiness but an emotion “that can be summoned at will is not an authentic emotion.”

“If we allow ourselves to become preoccupied with the manipulation of our emotions, we risk becoming emotionally disabled unable to function without artificial support,” the author adds.

Then he makes this point: “An important step towards understanding and embracing the good life is to acknowledge that it has nothing to do with how you happen to be feeling from moment to moment. Living the good life isn’t always going to make you feel terrific … A kind or virtuous act performed for our own emotional benefit amounts to exploitation of the person towards whom we’ve acted charitably.”

A profound insight indeed. Then he suggests: “We need to delete our own happiness from the list of motives for any act that is going to count as noble or virtuous: such acts are exclusively about the benefit to others, without counting the cost, let alone the benefit to ourselves. To claim them as pathways to our happiness is to misread the whole idea of morality.”

Towards the end of this chapter, the author quotes the philosopher Immanuel Kant: “Morality is not the doctrine of how we make ourselves happy but how we make ourselves worthy of happiness.”Concludes the author, Hugh Mackay: “At the core … of so much of the world’s wisdom, is the belief that  happiness is at best a by-product, not the goal, of a well-lived life.” ###     NMP/25 Feb 2016/6.15 p.m. 

REFLECTIONS ON THE GOOD LIFE

For The Bohol Tribune

In This Our Journey

NESTOR MANIEBO PESTELOS

The Lenten season, which started on Ash Wednesday last week as part of a 40-day observance of the sufferings of Jesus Christ prior to resurrection, is a great time to think about the Good Life. Aside from readings on daily reflections, I retrieved from the shelf  the book entitled “The Good Life,” written by Hugh Mackay, noted Australian author.

The book was sent as Christmas gift in 2013 by my former high school classmate and close friend, Sydney-based Milwida Sevilla-Reyes. More as impulse rather than a deliberate act, I pulled out the book in haste to see if it could help me provide some fresh insights on how to be good at a time when morality seems to be under savage and relentless attacks at all fronts.

Let me share with you some of these insights from a noted psychologist, a newspaper columnist for 25 years and a professor at the University of Wollongong.

On the word “Good”,  the author says that like the word “love” it has “many possible connotations.”  He says that  ‘Good time’, has almost no relation to the idea of being good.

He adds: “Good food, good party, good job, good journey, good conversation,  Good Friday: same adjective, many shades of meaning. Some of our uses of the word are ambiguous: ‘a good woman’, for example, might refer to anything from a virtuous wife to a good-time girl, and ‘Good luck!” can be heartfelt and ironic, depending on your tone of voice.”

The author says that in the context of his book, the “good life”  means “life that is characterized by goodness, a morally praiseworthy lsife, a life valuable in it impact on others, a life devoted to the common good.”

He observes:

“Having spent most of my career listening to people in research projects talking about their lives – their dreams, their passions, their joys and their sorrows – it strikes me that though most of us know deep within ourselves what constitutes a good life, we spend much of our time, barking up a succession of wrong trees. Perhaps we are genuinely unsure of how to put our convictions into practice.”

He cites the Golden Rule: “Do unto others as you would have others do unto you? It sounds like a the recipe for a good life, but how in practice do you stifle your perfectly natural urges towards greed, ambition, competitiveness or revenge, the very things likely to leach goodness out of your life? How do

you shed grudges you actually enjoy carrying? How do you find the emotional wherewithal to forgive someone who’s wronged you? How do you let go of stuff you’ve done in the past?”

He says that in pursuit of the Good Life, we may be distracted by “glittering baubles that offer variations on the themes of self-indulgence and self-instructions – money, pleasure, status, possessions – that have the power to seduce us. Or perhaps we’ve made a calculated decision to go for the good time before embracing the good life, just in case we miss some of the fun. Saint Augustine is supposed to have prayed this ruthlessly honest prayer: ‘Grant me chastity and continence, but not yet.’

All seven chapters of the book are littered with fresh insights. I cannot possibly summarize them all this column but I will extract some which may be useful for us to understand how to lead the Good Life to supplement our reflections based on the Scriptures during this season.

Mackay notes that many people in the West, whose lifestyle is getting to be the standard for the rest of the world, it feels like the Golden Age has arrived:

“Extraordinary advances in medical science; the explosion of information and communication technology that stimulates, informs and entertains us like never before; swift and cheap international travel; efficient, reliable, affordable cars; promising talk of a clean-energy revolution; online shopping; plentiful year-round fresh food supply that defies the four seasons; ever-smarter manufacturing and distribution processes that whisk tulips from Amsterdam to florists in Melbourne, and European fashion labels  from their Chinese factories to warehouses all over the world; to say nothing of the sophistication of modern marketing techniques tha stroke our egos with seductive skill. If ever we were going to be able to live the good life, surely this would be the time.”

For the rest of the world, … there is the “… teeming squalor of the world’s refugee camps, the ravages of continuing wars (driven, as usual, by religious rivalries or territorial greed, or both), the eternal tensions between India and Pakistan, or the looming problem of global food security. In fact, even in the West’s comfortable and relatively secure cities and suburbs, our dreamy blue skies are sometimes clouded by the frightening possibility of global warming wreaking ecological and geopolitical havoc on our planet. But in the busy round of daily life, most of us manage to put such thoughts out of our minds. We have a more appealing, more immediate agenda; the pursuit of perfection …”

Such relentless pursuit of perfection, at the expense of social consciousness, leads to what the author calls the Utopia complex:  “We have enshrined towering self-esteem as a cardinal virtue and the greatest gift we can pass on to the rising generation. Utopians are conditioned (and are fully conditioning their children” to assume that perfection in anything should be within their grasp.”

The author observes further: “The Utopian complex fills a vacuum where political passion, religious faith or social idealism once inspired dreams of a better world rather than a perfect life. Having fallen for the blandishments of the consumer society, many of us have adopted materialism as our driving philosophy, sometimes managing to remarry it with religious or political faith. In the West, the capitalist model of materialism has captured our hearts and minds, and mass marketing is its most obvious face.”

There is too much preoccupation with self “or the wish to lead a life based on economic security and material comfort.  As a species, we’ve been focused on these ever since our forebears started storing food for the winter and lining their caves with animal skins.

“Looking for our after our own interests is natural; it’s even necessary, up to a point, for our physical and emotional survival.  In a modern capitalist society pursuing the goal of endless economic growth, the health of the economy depends on every consumer being driven by self-interest. .. What’s changed is that the self we are increasingly being encouraged to indulge is a buffed-up, idealized self that doesn’t always correspond to the person we know ourselves to be, or to the life we know we are really living. “

The book says that if we continue to market Brand Me, “we may find that we have become the foolish victims of our own hype.”  In promoting Brand Me, “particularly via our status symbols and online bragging, it’s easy to forget that we may sacrificing the very thing that will lead to the deepest sense of satisfaction: self respect based on self-control. There is no shortcut to that, and no amount of self-promotion will get us there”  

More insights from the book, The Good Life, next column.  For comments, email: npestelos@gmail.com

NMP/19 Feb 2016/5.56 p.m.

A SENSE OF PLACE AND DRUG ADDICTION

For The Bohol Tribune

In This Our Journey

NESTOR MANIEBO PESTELOS

As readers of this column know, the year-long advocacy that something be done about the

serious drug addiction problem in the province led in the dying hours of last year to the establishment of Bohol’s first drug rehabilitation center in Upper Laya, Baclayon. Two noted drug rehab facilities, the Family and Recovery Management (FARM) facility in Minglanilla, Cebu and the It Works Chemical Dependency Treatment Center in Ozamiz City, both of which we visited in the course of doing research on the operations of such facilities, both agreed to combine technical and funding resources to establish what is now known as the FARM It Works Balay Kahayag (FITWBK) center.

FITWBK utilizes facilities of the ten-year old Balay Kahayag Training and Retreat Center used previously by our NGO, the Bohol Local Development Foundation (BLDF), as venue for training project participants, mostly disadvantaged households and groups, from remote mountain and outer island communities. These poverty groups have been our primary targets for development information and assistance for over thirty years starting with the now defunct UNICEF-assisted Ilaw International Center (IIC) located in Bool, Tagbilaran City.

In addition to their having high levels of deprivation, these groups, mostly subsistence farmers and sustenance fisher folks, inhabit ecological sites, such as watersheds and large portions of marginal land, as well as near-shore areas, all considered as vulnerable to environmental threats and degradation due to adverse climatic changes.

This initial awareness about the role of geographic space in determining priority development targets has led me for as long as I can remember to adopt the so-called area-based perspective in my development work rather than take a purely sectoral approach. Simply put, it will not do to know only, for instance, how many are the malnourished children as part of a national database, but it is more important to go down to the local level and know the specific family to which the child belongs and the community where the family lives. Knowledge about where a problem exists, broken down to specific barangays and puroks, as well as households, is a necessary component of an area-based approach. 

Applied to our current advocacy to assist young drug abuse victims from indigent families so they can have access to treatment services at the FITWBK, it is just logical to think there is a need for a detailed database indicating where they live and other details which can help map out an effective strategy to provide a full range of pre-treatment, treatment and post-treatment services to specific individuals and groups.

All these can help the Government and other sectors to implement a comprehensive package of services for the prevention and full rehabilitation of drug abuse victims. That phrase “other details “ in the previous paragraph I may have to elaborate in the light of new learnings about how the place factor impacts on human behavior.

I read for the nth time a book, The Power of Place, written by Winifred Gallagher, and I now that phrase “other details: in a significantly different light. There is simply too much to learn about how a place influences the way we behave. Let me share a few insights from the book, which is subtitled “How our surroundings shape our thoughts, emotions and actions.”

On page 134 of the paperback edition, Gallagher writes: “Although we usually think of drugs when we hear of the word addiction, the term applies to our habitual or compulsive devotion. Much of the strength of that devotion, whether to a person, an intoxicant, or a pursuit, comes from the environments of our past and present which hover like ghosts beneath the surface of our awareness, haunting us and our behavior.”

Then the author says on the next page: “If the drug is the spider of addiction, it more and more seems that the settings in which it is used comprise the web.”

He then quotes another authority, Susan Weis, who says: “We have a lot of intricate data on drugs and what they do to this or that receptor in the brain, but very little of it helps explain their effects on abusers. . . There’s more to addiction than chemicals and personal psychology, because we can detox someone who is highly motivated to change, and he can still fail. The missing dimension is the environmental factors that precipitate drug use.”

Weis further says: “Our brains are so adapted to make associations with the environment that whether we want to or not, we think our experiences and their settings, and those two together produce the behavior.”

Author Gallagher then explains: “… the groundwork of addiction – the getting-to-like-it stage is laid in the representational memory system. Later, the associations made with drugs move over to the habit system, far less accessible to our conscious interventions. There, all sorts of sublimated cues can trigger the urge to get high, which makes kicking a drug habit difficult even for the well-motivated.”

He describes what seems to be a typical scene involving a drug addict: “He walks into a certain hangout frequented by his drug-using friends, and their faces and the music, colors, light, and smells all spell ‘high.’ Because his positive associations with these cases are locked into his brain by a potent chemical reinforcer … “ even the sight of his paycheck will prompt a powerful involuntary urge to use drugs because paychecks mean a binge,” according to Weis, as quoted by the author. The author concludes this chapter by saying: “One reason traditional addiction program have had such a poor track record is they have largely ignored the role of the environment. He then quotes Shepard Siegel:

“Treatment should involve systematic exposure to drug-related environmental cues without the reinforcement of getting the drug, so the addict’s body learns not to give the anticipatory reaction. The best treatment of all remains the geographical cure. Studies from all over the world show that after a year, most of those who don’t relapse after drug treatment have relocated. The new environment may not even be drug-free or even seem very different – it could be another ghetto, for example, but it’s free of the cues associated with use for that person.”

We hope academic institutions in Bohol with its Psychology departments will come forward and partner with FITWBK and BLDF in conducting studies on the impact of environment on the behavior of drug abusers. Researches are needed on practical issues such as  how best to manage environmental influences to ensure the full  rehabilitation of drug abuse victims and their integration into normal community and family life.

Lastly, I would like to thank Fr. Val Pinlac for being the first to visit the FITWBK and see for himself what is still needed to make the facility fully operational. He was allowed to meet with clients for what he described as a “most enlightening” session. Last Sunday, he endorsed and hand-carried a proposal prepared by BLDF for submission to an international NGO, the For A Better Tomorrow (FBT) which will provide subsidies for an initial batch of 35 clients.

I would like also to thank Luigi Rulida and three other members of his team (Jayson Rey Sayson; Isidro Macabenta; Josephine Sarigumba) all Architenture students from the Bohol Island State University (BISU) who volunteered to design a nature-friendly facility to complement FITWBK on the same location. For comments, email: npestelos@gmail.com

NMP/12 Feb 2016/5.21 p.m.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                              

NEED FOR GOOD STRATEGY VERSUS THE DRUG ABUSE PROBLEM

For The Bohol Tribune

In This Our Journey

NESTOR MANIEBO PESTELOS

Let me share with you some gems of thought from the book, Good Strategy/Bad Strategy by Richard P. Rumelt, described as “one of the world’s most influential thinkers on strategy and management.” He is considered by the prestigious The Economist “as one of the twenty-five living persons who have had the most influence on management and corporate practice.”

Another magazine, McKensey Quarterly, profiled him uniquely as “strategy’s strategist,” to further stress his significant contribution to strategy formulation not only by giant corporations but also by relatively small organizations in the educational and not-for-profit worlds.

I chanced upon the book while looking for something that could be put to good use in this continuing saga to advocate and demonstrate how to address effectively the ever-growing drug menace in our midst.

Let us start with what he says on page 108 of the book’s paperback edition: “No matter how desirable it might be to stop the use of illegal drugs, it is not a proximate objective because it is not feasible within the present legal and law-enforcement framework. Indeed, the enormous efforts directed at this objective may only drive out the small-time smuggler, raise the street price, and make it even more profitable for the sophisticated drug cartels.”

He argues here for identifying a narrower and, therefore, a more winnable objective. Thus he observes that “every organization faces a situation where the full complexity and ambiguity of the situation is daunting.”

The noted strategist asserts:  “An important duty of any leader is to absorb a large part of that complexity and ambiguity, passing on to the organization a simpler problem – one that is solvable. Many leaders fail badly at this responsibility, announcing ambitious goals without resolving a good chunk of ambiguity about the specific obstacles to be overcome.”

For him, to be a responsible leader is “more than a willingness to accept the blame.” To be such a leader means setting proximate objectives and handing the organization a problem it can actually solve.”

Earlier at the start of Chapter 7, he asserts that “one of a leader’s most powerful tools is the creation of a good proximate objective – one that is close enough at hand to be feasible.” He says a proximate objective “names a target that an organization can reasonably be expected to hit, even overwhelm.”

He observes: “Many writers on strategy seem to suggest that the more dynamic the situation, the farther ahead a leader must look. This is illogical. The more dynamic the situation, the poorer your foresight will be. Therefore, the more uncertain and dynamic the situation, the more proximate a strategic objective must be.”

The author adds: “The proximate objective is guided by forecasts of the future, but the more uncertain the future, the more its essential logic is … not of looking far ahead,” but rather of “taking a strong position and creating options” to address current problems.

Rumelt cites the lesson to be learned from the game of chess: “One does not win a chess game by always selecting moves that are directly aimed at trying to mate the opponent or even trying to win a particular piece. For the most part, the aim of a move is to find positions for one’s pieces that (a) increase their mobility, that is, increase the options open to the them and decrease the freedom of operation of the opponent’s pieces, and (b) impose certain relatively stable patterns on the board that induce enduring strength for oneself and enduring weakness for the opponent.”

While reading this chapter on proximate objectives, I was actually breaking down in my head the myriad tasks and key players involved in the so-called war on drugs. I realized the need to define proximate or feasible objectives at each level of engagement in this campaign and to cascade down to the lower levels, e.g. local government, community, household, the concern to reduce the demand for drugs and simultaneously on the problem piece by piece rather than have all this noise and pronouncements at the higher or macro levels about the same boring messages on the evils of drug use without specifying proximate or feasible objectives at each level to win this war.

Indeed we must zero in on those pockets of opportunities at each level and achieve victories by defining actionable and winnable objectives. As in many advocacies and campaigns, this will require leadership by those who are supposed to govern us at each level. If this is wanting, then we just hope that an enlightened citizenry and any of existing institutions, such as the Church, civil society or the local business community, which is severely affected by the impact of drug addiction on the economy, may take such leadership role and adopt more effective ways to deal with the social problem which is fast developing as a major crisis in our midst.

Hence, the need for us ordinary mortals most affected by the crisis is to know a little bit about strategy in the hope that most of us can be active participants in this war we must win for us and future generations.

On this matter, I can only contribute some precious lessons from this book I have found useful in clarifying good strategy from a bad one from someone who has had “a lifetime of experience at strategy work- as a consultant to organizations, as a personal adviser, as a teacher and as a researcher.”

Let me summarize some of these lessons from this book -

First, a good strategy “acknowledges the challenges being faced and provides an approach to overcoming them. And the greater the challenge, the more a good strategy focuses and coordinates efforts to achieve a powerful competitive punch or problem-solving effect.”

Hence, it is more than the usual exhortation to achieve a goal or vision. It involves so much more. It must not be equated with success or an organization’s ambition or goal. Strategy to be a useful tool should not be confused with “ambition determination, inspirational leadership, and innovation.”

 I find this definition quite useful: “Ambition is drive and zeal to excel. Determination is commitment and grit. Innovation is discovery and engineering of new ways to do things. Inspirational leadership motivates people to sacrifice their own and the common good.”

Strategy is often confused with goal setting. The author says: “Strategy is about how an organization will move forward. Doing strategy is figuring how to advance the organization’s interests. Of course, a leader can set goals and delegate to others the job of figuring out what to do. But that is not strategy. If that is how the organization runs, let’s skip the spin and be honest – call it goal setting.”

In this sense, strategy is linked to action or a set of actions considered vital to address specific 

obstacles or problems. A good strategy, according to Rumelt, has an essential logical structure consisting of diagnosis, a guiding principle and coherent action.

Once we get familiar with these three components which he calls the kernel of strategy, we are in a better position to achieve specific goals in pursuit of a mutually-agreed vision. Applied in the current situation in Bohol and the country as a whole, faced with disintegration of family and community cohesiveness due to the growing dominance of illegal drug use, it is important that ordinary citizens and their organizations learn the basics of strategy formulation.

Their vigilance must seek the only remedy left, aside from localized actions, which is “to demand more from those who lead.”

As the book says: “More than charisma and vision, we must demand good strategy” from those who lead or those who pretend to lead us against a social malady too obvious to be ignored. 

#Boholdrugabuseproblem

NMP/05 Feb 2016/7.41 a.m.